Monday, 14 March 2011

Pakistan drone attacks 'kill three militants'

US Predator drone flies over Kandahar Air Field, southern Afghanistan, file image Drones have killed hundreds of people in 2010

At least three suspected militants have been killed in a drone strike in the troubled Pakistani tribal region of North Waziristan, officials say.

The attack took place about 10km (six miles) east of the tribal region's main town of Miranshah, reports say.

The missile targeted a moving vehicle and killed the three men, intelligence officials said.

The area is a haven for al-Qaeda and the Taliban. More than 100 raids were reported in the area last year

The US does not routinely confirm that it has launched drone operations, but analysts say only American forces have the capacity to deploy such aircraft in the region.

Egypt's military fears early elections will bring new dictator


Mon, 14/03/2011 - 11:32

A member of Egypt's governing Supreme Council of the Armed Forces expressed fears that presidential elections could create a new dictator if held prior to parliamentary elections.

General Mamdouh Shahin, assistant minister of defense for constitutional and judicial affairs, said in a statement on Egyptian television on Saturday that holding presidential elections first would make the new president responsible for all tasks.

Shahin pointed out that the new president would form the state’s institutions, and could thus become “a new dictator.”

Even if the proposed amendments to it are passed in the upcoming referendum on March 19, the Egyptian Constitution will still grant extensive powers to the president.

Legal organizations and opposition figures have demanded that presidential elections come before parliamentary elections. They argue that parliamentary elections first would result in the most organized political groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood and the formerly-ruling National Democratic Party, winning at the expense of the political forces which led the 25 January uprising.

Shahin, however, said that parliamentary elections could be held in September, with presidential elections before the end of the year.

He said as the 1971 Constitution has been rendered null and void, the amendments subject to referendum will form a temporary constitution until a new one is prepared under the next president.

Shahin said he supports voting “Yes” in the referendum, as current circumstances are not conducive to preparing a completely new constitution, for the armed forces are busy with other tasks.

Mondays papers: Rebuilding churches and reconciliation, referendum on Saturday


Mon, 14/03/2011 - 10:39

The main headline in Egyptian flagship daily Al-Ahram concerns the army rebuilding the Church of Two Martyrs (Shahedein) in Atfeeh, Helwan, south of Cairo, which was burnt down this month by a Muslim mob furious about an alleged love affair between a Muslim woman and Coptic man.

A large photograph shows army soldiers carrying cement bags with the caption "Armed forces rebuilding the church of Sol." Egypt’s Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), which has been ruling Egypt since former President Hosni Mubarak was ousted on 11 February, has decided to build the church from its own budget.

The case triggered fear within the Coptic Christian minority and spurred hundreds to conduct a sit-in in front of the Egyptian Television building demanding that the church be rebuilt and calling for Egypt's new military rulers to run an investigation into the violence against Copts in Atfeeh.

It also sparked clashes between Muslims and Copts in the poor working class district of Moqattam. Thirteen people were killed in the worst sectarian clashes since the January 25 uprising started.

State-run Al-Gomhorriya says a "reconciliation statement" between Muslims and Copts in the village of Sol, consisting of eight points, was read publicly by prominent Salafi Sheikh Mohamed Hassan. A rejection of political blackmailing, a rejection of international pressures, and the return of Copts were the main points in the statement, but no apology has been made for setting fire to the church and forcing Coptic families to leave their homes.

Privately-owned Al-Dostour writes that the sit-in ended after a meeting on Sunday between Deputy Prime Minister Yehia al-Gamal and the young Coptic activists who staged the sit-in.

The paper quote activist Rami Kamel as saying, “The prime minister promised to rebuild the Maghagha and Al-Adawy (both in the Upper Egyptian government of Minya) churches,” and that al-Gamal also promised to rebuild the Virgin Mary and Bishop Ibram churches in Ezbet al-Nakhl in Cairo.

As for the upcoming constitutional amendments referendum, privately-owned Al-Shorouk quotes a judicial source as saying that the Supreme Council for the Armed Forces is sticking to the 19 March date, having dismissed calls to postpone it.

According to state-run Al-Akhbar, the military warned against impeding the referendum, saying anyone attempting to do so will be punished under the newly-created law against "thuggery." It warned against marches, rallies and sit-ins on the day of the referendum, so as to provide the right climate for it to be held in a democratic manner.

The proposed changes will limit a president's rule to two terms of four years. They will ease restrictions on presidential candidates and stipulate that once elected, the next president will call on parliament to draft a new constitution.

The Muslim Brotherhood and the former ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) support the amendments, while almost all other political factions have rejected them and called for a new constitution.

Opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei said Egypt needs a constitutional assembly to write up a new democratic constitution. "If we adopt these amendments, it would mean holding legislative polls within two months, and 80 percent of Egyptians, or the silent majority, won't have the chance to participate in a real parliamentary election," he said.

In other news, Al-Ahram covers investigations into those responsible for the bloodshed of 2 February, when Mubarak loyalists on camels and horses attacked people in Tahrir Square, killing at least 19 anti-Mubarak protesters and injuring scores.

The incident was seen as a crucial moment in the 18-day uprising against the former president, with unprecedented global condemnation of the regime.

Al-Ahram, writing that the government has established a "national fact-finding committee," seems convinced that Abdel Nasser al-Gabry, a member of Mubarak's NDP, was responsible for the violence.

The paper also reports that the persecution office has issued an arrest warrant against another NDP member, Youssef Khattab, who is in hiding.

In other news, the liberal daily Al-Wafd features a story on Aboud El Zomor's first night outside prison in three decades. On Friday Egypt's military rulers ordered the release of Aboud and his cousin, Tarek El Zomor, who were jailed over the 1981 assassination of president Anwar Sadat.

Aboud, at the time a senior military intelligence officer, was due to be released in 2006, while Tarek was meant to be released in 2003, but both were kept behind bars. Former Interior Minister Habib al-Adly used discretionary powers at his disposal under the Emergency Law to overrule several judicial release orders.

The two were among 69 political prisoners freed on the orders of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, which took power in Egypt after president Hosni Mubarak was forced to step down by the popular uprising that began on 25 January.

The paper reports that El Zomor expressed deep anger over the alleged wealth of Mubarak, arguing that those billions would be enough to solve all of Egypt's problems and pay off its heavy debts.

Last month, British newspaper The Guardian reported that his wealth could be as high as US$70 billion. However, a legal representative for Mubarak denied media reports that he amassed enormous wealth in office.

Al-Wafd also quotes El Zomor as saying that he may establish a political party that he would lead as a presidential candidate. He slammed the infamous State Security Investigations Service (SSIS) which he described as "rotten" and "corrupt," revealing that it tried to make a deal with him for his release, under the condition that he attack the Muslim Brotherhood.

Egypt's papers:

Al-Ahram: Daily, state-run, largest distribution in Egypt

Al-Akhbar: Daily, state-run, second to Al-Ahram in institutional size

Al-Gomhorriya: Daily, state-run

Rose al-Youssef: Daily, state-run, close to the National Democratic Party's Policies Secretariat

Al-Dostour: Daily, privately owned

Al-Shorouk: Daily, privately owned

Al-Wafd: Daily, published by the liberal Wafd Party

Al-Arabi: Weekly, published by the Arab Nasserist party

Youm7: Weekly, privately owned

Sawt al-Umma: Weekly, privately owned

Egyptian opposition divided on constitutional amendments


Mon, 14/03/2011 - 11:47

Opposition forces are divided over the controversial constitutional amendments referendum slated for 19 March.

Those rejecting the referendum have called for a completely new constitution.

The leftist Tagammu party has rejected the amendments and called on voters to vote against them. Party chief Refaat al-Saeed said he called for a press conference on Tuesday to discuss methods to defeat the proposed amendments.

In a statement, al-Saeed described the Egyptian Constitution as tyrannical, saying it was formulated by a president who enjoyed absolute powers in the era of a one-party-rule.

Vice President of the Supreme Constitutional Court Tahani al-Gebali has said the amendments, if approved, would provide the next president with extensive powers.

The Professional Syndicate Union stressed the necessity of postponing the referendum and scheduling a new one, adding it wished the amendments had been deeper.

Potential presidential candidate Mohamed ElBaradei has also called for drafting a new constitution and said he will vote against the proposed amendments.

However, the Muslim Brotherhood, which has announced the formation of political party named “Freedom and Justice,” said it will support the proposed amendments and will do its utmost to ensure they are approved.

More Egyptians reject constitutional amendments

Referendum due on March 19

Monday, 14 March 2011

Revolution Youth Coalition members voiced their concerns to head of constitutional committee judge Tarek al-Bishri
Revolution Youth Coalition members voiced their concerns to head of constitutional committee judge Tarek al-Bishri
DUBAI (AlArabiya.net)

As time for the referendum on the amendments of Egypt’s constitution draws near, more Egyptians voiced their concerns over the amended and unamended articles alike as well as over the principle of amending instead of rewriting the constitution.

“No to the March 19 referendum,” read placards carried Friday by protestors who gathered in Tahrir Square, the center of the Jan. 25 revolution that forced president Hosni Mubarak to step down, for another rally that they called Friday of National Unity, the Egyptian daily independent al-Shorouk reported Sunday.

This and other placards that bore phrases like “No to constitutional amendments” and “It is the people who write their constitution” reflected the stance of several political parties and popular movements that oppose the amendments and call for the cancellation of the referendum.

Opposition parties object

This is an illegitimate constitution that creates a dictator out of the new president
Al-Wafd part statement

“As they call for the establishment of a democratic, civil state, the youths of al-Wafd declare their rejection of the new constitutional amendment,” said a statement issued by the liberal opposition party al-Wafd.

The statement, entitled “The crescent lives with the cross: No to the constitutional amendments,” explained that “patching” the constitution, the term used in Egyptian slang to refer to amendments, is not possible with the 1971 constitution.

“This is an illegitimate constitution that creates a dictator out of the new president,” said the statement.

Like several parties opposed to the new modifications, al-Wafd called in its statement for the formation of a committee that writes a new constitution.

The leftist al-Tagammu party issued a similar statement entitled “People demand a correct transition” that called for the immediate cancellation of the constitution that gives the president dictatorial privileges and the declaration of a temporary constitution until a new one is written from scratch.

“For the new constitution, a committee has to be formed and its members are to be elected,” the statement added.

Popular fronts say “No”

We demand a constitution that really represents the interests of millions of Egyptians
Socialist Renewal Movement

Like political opposition parties, popular fronts and parties under construction, which are grouped under the name “The popular fronts in defense of the revolution,” expressed their rejection of the amendments.

“No to constitutional amendments, no to patching the constitution” was the title of the statement issued by the Revolutionary Egypt movement that called for annulling the 1971 constitution.

“The 1971 constitution is in tatters due to the amendments made by the ousted president and his lawmakers so that now it gives the president almost 88% of the authorities of several different countries,” said the statement.

A statement entitled “No to absolute presidential powers. Yes to a new constitution” was issued by the Socialist Renewal Movement.

“We demand a constitution that really represents the interests of millions of Egyptians and that curtails the authorities granted to the president in order to reach a real democracy,” said the statement.

Rights activist and member of the Revolution Youth Coalition Mohammed Salah al-Sheikh expressed his rejection of the way the transitional period is being handled.

“We will call for the cancellation of the referendum and announcing a temporary constitution until a new one is written,” he said. “If this does not happen, we will instigate the people into saying no in the referendum.”

Sheikh called upon the Supreme Military Council, which took over after the resignation of Mubarak, to issue the constitutional statement prepared by the National Assembly for Change.

“The statement stipulates that after the army’s six-month rule is over, a president is to be elected for a two-year transitional period, in the second year of which a committee if formed to write a new constitution.”

Seeing the reactions

Coalition member Mohammed al-Qassas said that Revolution Youth Coalition postponed issuing a statement on the referendum until they see the reactions of the members of the Supreme Military Council and the amendments committee towards their demands.

“We demanded limiting the president’s authorities and offering guarantees that the People’s Assembly stays for only 12 months and that both the elected president and the MPs are to write a new constitution within 12 months in case it is not written now.”

Qassas added that in case their demands are not met, members of the coalition are working on printing and distributing half a million flyers that incite the people to reject the amendments in the March 19 referendum.

Coalition members have voiced their concerns to judge and legal expert Tarek al-Bishri, who heads the committee in charge of amending the constitution, and called upon him to reconsider the amendment of article 75 of the constitution and which prohibits carriers of dual nationalities to run for presidency even if they give up the foreign citizenship.

According to coalition member Mustafa Shawki, members also expressed their reservations over article 189 which gives the People’s Assembly and the Consultative Assembly, Egypt’s lower and upper houses of parliament, respectively, the right to choose the committee that writes a new constitution.

“This article is dangerous because the fast parliamentary elections are likely to result in a deformed parliament comprised of the remnants of the former ruling party,” he said.

Members of the coalition called for announcing a temporary constitution comprised of 15 articles at most and which determines the mechanisms of the transitional period and the authorities of the new presidential council that is to be formed.

Democratic rejection

Democratic objection is in line with the new spirit promoted by the January 25 revolution
Professor of political science Dr. Mustafa Kamel al-Sayed

Professor of political science Dr. Mustafa Kamel al-Sayed called upon those who reject the new constitutional amendments to express their objections in a democratic manner through going to the polls as well as raising awareness among the people.

“Democratic objection is in line with the new spirit promoted by the Jan. 25 revolution,” he said. “The results of the referendum will determine whether the constitution should be amended or annulled altogether.”

Sayed supported the objections to the amendments for the same reasons, the authorities given to the president especially that it is according to this constitution that the new president will be elected.

Sayed suggested that a new constitutional declaration should be issued in order to determine the role of the Higher Military Council and its relationship with the current political powers.

“The transitional period has to be extended in order to have time for writing a new constitution and the presidential elections have to be held before the legislative elections.”

Sayed recommended that a new council be formed to include the Higher Military Council in addition to other political power and different unions.

“This allows for smooth negotiations and spare us further conflicts,” he concluded.


(Translated from Arabic by Sonia Farid)

Gunfire, military deployment as Yemen protests rise

Tens of thousands of Yemenis take to streets in south

Monday, 14 March 2011

Anti-government protesters shout slogans during a rally outside Sanaa University
SANAA (Reuters)

Heavy gunfire was heard south of the Yemen capital on Monday and soldiers deployed in force in Sanaa itself, with a new wave of rallies reported across the country demanding that President Ali Abdullah Saleh quit.

The impoverished Arabian Peninsula state has been shaken by weeks of protests that have undermined Saleh's 32-year grip on power, with the president appearing increasingly willing to deal more violently with his many opponents.

Seven demonstrators have died in clashes since Saturday, raising the death toll from the unrest to above 30.

"There's heavy gunfire here, we can't tell about casualties yet," activist Bushra al-Maqtari told Reuters by telephone from Taiz, which is 200 km (125 miles) south of Sanaa and one of the biggest sites of anti-Saleh rallies.

The United States, which has long seen Saleh as a bulwark against a dynamic al Qaeda network in Yemen, has condemned the bloodshed and backed the right for peaceful protest.

In the capital Sanaa, armed soldiers and armored vehicles tried to surround and cut off an area where around 20,000 anti-government supporters have been camped out for weeks.

"We're expecting an attack at any minute, but we're not leaving until the regime falls," said protester Taha Qayed.

Crowds chanted: "Leave, leave you murderer."

A string of Saleh's allies have recently defected to the protesters, who are frustrated by rampant corruption and soaring unemployment in Yemen, where 40 percent of the population live on $2 a day or less and a third face chronic hunger.

In the south, thousands were protesting in al-Hawta, the regional capital of Lahej province, residents said.

"Al-Hawta is in a state of paralysis. The opposition has called for a general strike to protest at the repression of demonstrators," a resident told Reuters by phone.

He said all the markets were shuttered and that security forces were spread out around the city.

More than 10,000 people were also protesting in the flashpoint southern province of Dalea, where police have often clashed with armed secessionist groups, locals said.

Popular revolts in Egypt and Tunisia have inspired this latest wave of unrest in Yemen, but the country was already seething with rebellions in the north and south.

Saleh has made many verbal concessions to the protesters, promising to step down in 2013 and offering a new constitution giving more powers to parliament, but he has steadfastly refused his critics' main demand that he leave office immediately.

India 'world's biggest arms buyer'


Report says New Delhi is pushing to modernise its military in a bid to counter China and gain international clout.
Last Modified: 14 Mar 2011 08:03 GMT
India is expected to spend an estimated $80bn over the next 10 years to modernise its military [EPA]

India has overtaken China to become the world's largest importer of weapons, according to a Swedish think-tank that monitors global arms sales.

The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute report said India was pushing ahead with plans to modernise its military in an effort to counter China's influence and gain international clout.

India's defence budget for the coming year is 1.5 trillion rupees ($32.5bn), a 40 per cent increase from two years ago. It imports more than 70 per cent of its weapons.

The report said the vast majority of those imports – 82 per cent – come from Russia, which has long been India's supplier of choice.

"The kind of purchases that India is buying, no country in the world buys. What is in the pipeline is huge"

Rahul Bedi, analyst, Jane's Defence Weekly

Its investment comes amid rising concerns about China's regional power and its designs over vital Indian Ocean shipping lanes, which New Delhi sees as part of its sphere of influence.

The government is reportedly spending billions of dollars on fighter jets and aircraft carriers to modernise its air force and navy.

Siemon Wezeman, a senior fellow at the institute, said on Monday China dropped to second place with six per cent of global imports as it continued to build up its domestic arms industry, something India has so far failed to do.

"Just from what they have already ordered, we know that in the coming few years India will be the top importer," he added.

Weapons club

On the dealers' side, the United States remains the largest arms exporter, followed by Russia and Germany, according to the report.

The Swedish institute measures arms transactions over a five-year period to take into account the long time lag between orders and delivery of arms.

There are lingering tensions over unresolved border issues between India and China, which led to war in 1962.

India also remains in its traditional faceoff with neighbouring Pakistan, with which it has fought three wars.

"India has ambitions to become first a continental and [then] a regional power," Rahul Bedi, a South Asia analyst with London-based Jane's Defence Weekly, told The Associated Press. "To become a big boy, you need to project your power."

India is expected to spend $80bn over the next decade to upgrade its military.

Besides Russia, other countries pushing for a chunk of the lucrative market include Britain, the United States and France who have finalised deals worth billions of dollars for trainer and fighter jets, transport aircraft, an aircraft carrier and submarines.

"The kind of purchases that India is buying, no country in the world buys," added Bedi of Jane's Defence Weekly. "What is in the pipeline is huge."


Source:
Agencies