The European Commission has proposed
reforms to EU asylum rules that would see stiff financial penalties
imposed on countries refusing to take their share of asylum seekers.
The bloc's executive body is planning a sanction of €250,000 (£200,000; $290,000) per person.
The Commission wants changes made to an asylum system which has buckled amid an influx of migrants.
The plans would require support from most member states as well as MEPs.
EU
officials hope that, twinned with a deal with Turkey that has already
reduced migrant numbers, tensions over migration within the bloc can be
reduced.
'Fair share'
The basic Dublin regulation would be kept, requiring refugees to claim asylum in the member state in which they arrive.
However,
there would be several changes, including plans to help countries
receiving "disproportionate numbers" of asylum claims.
The EU already has a flagship scheme to redistribute 160,000
migrants around the continent, but it has met only a tiny fraction of
this target since it was agreed in 2015.
The planned figure of €250,000 per refused claimant could be revised but the Commission is known to want a punitive level.
The
UK and Ireland can opt out of asylum policies, and the British
government has already indicated it will not take part. Denmark is also
exempt.
Under the fresh proposals, if a country receives more than
150% of its annual "fair share" of asylum seekers, the relocation
scheme would kick in.
That share is calculated according to a country's population and economy.
"There's simply no way around it: whenever a member state is
overwhelmed, there must be solidarity and a fair sharing of
responsibility within the EU," Commission Vice-President Frans
Timmermans said.
Countries refusing to accept their quota would
effectively be fined - with the money going to frontline states such as
Italy and Greece that have carried the burden.
The proposals for
sanctions are likely to alarm Central European countries that have
refused to implement the refugee quota deal. One senior Polish official
said last week that the plan was dead.
Poland had agreed to take some 7,000 asylum seekers and could face a fine of at least €1.75bn if the proposals go through.
Hungary, Romania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia were outvoted when the quota plan was agreed.
Slovakia's interior minister, Robert Kalinak, has complained that the proposed "fair share" system fails to respect reality.
The government in Budapest on Tuesday announced plans for a referendum on the EU's resettlement plans.
Flaws exposed
The
Dublin regulation is designed to stop what has become known as "asylum
shopping", whereby migrants make multiple asylum claims across Europe.
Since 2005, the UK has used the Dublin rule to return 12,000 asylum seekers to where they first entered the EU.
But the migration crisis has exposed flaws in the policy, leaving Greece and Italy dealing with the majority of cases.
Germany
effectively suspended the Dublin rule last August, when it said it
would take in all Syrian asylum seekers, prompting an influx of migrants
and refugees into the EU via Greece and the Western Balkans.
The
numbers travelling the route fell when countries along the way set up
fences or imposed border controls, but that has left some 50,000
migrants and refugees stranded in Greece.
The Commission says a European Union Agency for Asylum should be set up to oversee fairness within the overhauled rules.
There
would be "stronger guarantees" for unaccompanied children seeking
asylum as well as a change in the way family members are viewed when
seeking refugee status.
A note on terminology: The BBC uses the
term migrant to refer to all people on the move who have yet to complete
the legal process of claiming asylum. This group includes people
fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria, who are likely to be granted
refugee status, as well as people who are seeking jobs and better lives,
who governments are likely to rule are economic migrants.
