Sunday, 23 January 2011
Saturday, 22 January 2011
Tunisia's interim prime minister promises free elections
- NEW: Interim Prime Minister Mohammed Ghannouchi says he will leave politics after elections
- Tunisian government interrogates 33 from ousted president's entourage, official says
- All political parties applying for authorization "received positive reply," according to official TAP news agency
(CNN) -- Tunisia's interim prime minister said Friday that his country would hold its first free democratic elections since gaining independence, vowing to leave politics after those elections.
"We want to make the next elections the first transparent and legitimate elections since independence," Tunisian Interim Prime Minister Mohammed Ghannouchi said Friday on state-run Tunis TV.
"After this transitional period -- with all honesty -- I will leave any political role I have even if I was selected or appointed," he said. "I will leave political life and retire."
Tunisia gained independence from France in 1956.
Ghannouchi's remarks came in an interview with two independent journalists on Thursday that Tunis TV aired on Friday.
Ghannouchi spoke of coming political reforms that he said would "scrap all undemocratic laws including laws involving political parties, the elections, and the anti-terrorism law that was abused by the former regime."
"I lived like all Tunisians, in pain and fear," under former President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali -- who was ousted in a rebellion a week ago -- Ghannouchi said.
Ghannouchi resigned from his ruling party this week and was appointed interim Prime Minister by the interim President Fouad Mebazaa.
Tunisia's new government is interrogating 33 people from Ben Ali's entourage, a top official said Friday, while 1,200 others who have "spread terror among the population and carried out unacceptable acts" have been arrested, according to state media.
Tunisia's Interior Minister Ahmed Friaa announced the arrests in a news conference, saying that "33 members of families close to the former president have been brought to justice and are now being interrogated."
"These people's jewels and huge sums of money in their possession have been seized," the country's official TAP news agency reported, citing Friaa, a holdover from the previous government.
In the interview that aired Friday, Ghannouchi said, "We have frozen their bank accounts and properties in the country," referring to assets belonging to families close to the former president.
"A judge was appointed to determine how to deal with their wealth," Ghannouchi said.
He said that the Tunisian government is trying to freeze money belonging to relatives of the former president and said that the money would eventually be returned to the Tunisian people.
Former presidential guard director Ali Seriati is among those being interrogated, Friaa said. Friaa also confirmed earlier reports that Imed Trabelsi, the nephew of the ousted president, is among those being interrogated.
The identities of those being questioned will not be released until "they are judged," TAP reported.
Some of the 1,200 people arrested by the new government have been released, Friaa said, while 382 others face charges such as carrying illegal firearms, looting and committing violence.
Friaa described those who'd been killed in Tunisia's recent uprising as "martyrs of the Revolution," according to TAP.
He said that all political parties that have applied to be officially authorized "had received positive reply," according to TAP, including the Green Tunisia Party, the Left Socialist Party and Tunisia's Patriotic and Democratic Labour Party.
Friaa also said that a new group called the Baath Party -- which appears to be an offshot of former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's party -- had also applied for authorization.
Video from Tunis TV showed thousands of protesters in the capital, Tunis, for another day on Friday, calling the new government a sham and demanding that officials with connections to the old guard be fired.
On Thursday, Tunisia's new government announced it will recognize political groups banned under the regime of Ben Ali and grant amnesty to all political prisoners.
The Thursday announcement followed the first meeting of the new cabinet formed by the North African country's interim leaders as they and other former members of Ben Ali's ruling party tried to climb from under his shadow.
Ben Ali's Constitutional Democratic Rally's central committee was dissolved earlier Thursday, and all Cabinet members who once belonged to the party have quit it.
The party, known as the RCD, suffered a major blow earlier this week when Ghannouchi and interim President Mebazaa submitted their resignations from the party, though they remained in the government, Tunis TV reported.
Mebazaa has said he plans to sever "any link with the past," referring to the unpopular years of the former regime's authoritarian rule. His government is tasked with leading Tunisia toward new elections.
But for many Tunisians, the resignations and promises are not enough.
"The Tunisian people don't want this party, this dictatorial party," English teacher Mohammed Basha said. "We want a real revolution. We don't want any more lies, because we are fed up. Twenty-three years of lies."
Ben Ali ruled Tunisia for 23 years. The RCD initially formed a consensus government with the opposition, but protesters demanded that members of the old administration -- whom they called "leftovers" -- be swept out of power.
Ben Ali's ouster followed weeks of protests over what discontented Tunisians said were poor living conditions, high unemployment, government corruption and repression. They were sparked when Mohamed Bouazizi, an unemployed college graduate, set himself ablaze after police confiscated a fruit cart that was his source of income. He died early this month.
More than 100 people were killed in protests that followed over the past five weeks, according to the U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. The fatalities include victims of live fire, suicides and weekend prison riots.
The rallies in Tunisia, one of the Arab world's most secular countries, have ignited unrest elsewhere in the region, including Algeria and Egypt.
Report: Vote for Southern Sudan independence nearly unanimous
- Results bring largest nation in Africa closer to breaking into two
- Preliminary results show almost 99% voted for a split
- Sudan's north and south have been at war for two decades
- The conflict left 2 million people dead
(CNN) -- An overwhelming majority of Southern Sudanese voted to split from the north, new preliminary results show, bringing the largest nation in Africa closer to breaking into two.
The results, published Friday on the website of the commission that ran the referendum, show 98.6% voted for a split. The preliminary results are based on 83% of votes counted in the south and all votes from eligible southerners elsewhere, including overseas.
Southern Sudanese voters applauded the figures, the latest in a series of indications that secession would win by a wide margin.
Last week, election officials announced that the turnout had passed the threshold needed for the referendum to be valid.
"Wow, just wow," said Marko Ayii, 25, a Southern Sudan native who lives in Atlanta. "We can't wait for the vote to become official so we can have parties to mark the separation."
The almost unanimous outcome is not surprising, said Deng Leuth, who lives in Atlanta.
"We fought for years; we have never lived in harmony ever since I was young," the 26-year-old said. "I doubt many people would have voted to stay together."
Leuth said he's looking forward to becoming a citizen of an independent state.
"People saying that we cannot survive without the north will be surprised," he said.
Preliminary results show voters in almost every state in the south voted to split by about 99%.
However, 42% of Southern Sudanese living in the north of the country voted for unity, according to the results.
--Southern Sudan native
Sudan's north and south have been at war for two decades in a conflict that killed 2 million people.
The referendum on whether to declare independence from the government based in the north is part of a 2005 peace agreement that helped end the conflict. The war pitted a government dominated by Arab Muslims in northern Sudan against black Christians or animists in the south.
A majority of Sudan's oil reserves are in the south, another flashpoint in the war.
Several million voters cast ballots, including expatriates in the United States and seven other countries.
Official results will be announced on February 14, according to the Southern Sudan Referendum Commission, which ran the referendum.
The south would become a new nation in July if the vote is validated and no other obstacles emerge.
EU diplomat 'disappointed' in nuclear talks with Iran
- Iran's negotiator says Iran's rights are not being respected
- Representative: P5+1 countries refused to accept preconditions
- Western officials say the first day of talks were contentious at times
- Iran insists its nuclear facilities are working for civilian energy needs
Istanbul (CNN) -- The European Union's top diplomat expressed disappointment at the conclusion of two days of talks with Iran about its controversial nuclear program, saying the six countries she represented refused to accept preconditions demanded by the Iranian delegation.
"We had hoped to embark on a discussion of practical ways forward," Catherine Ashton said at a press conference Saturday. "I am disappointed to say this had not been possible."
Ashton said the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council -- Russia, China, France, the United States, and Britain -- and Germany, referred to as the P5+1, came to the negotiating table with an updated proposal for a nuclear fuel swap for Tehran's research reactor.
Two prior nuclear fuel swap deals have collapsed after previous rounds of negotiations.
"We had hoped to have a detailed and constructive discussion of those ideas," Ashton said. "But it became clear the Iranian side was not ready for this unless we agreed to preconditions regarding enrichment and sanctions."
Ashton dismissed these preconditions, saying they were "not a way to proceed."
Moments after the European diplomat spoke to journalists, Iran's lead negotiator, Saeed Jalili, took the same podium.
The Iranian diplomat spoke at length in Farsi about "common logic" and the need for "respect between nations," avoiding mentioning the word "nuclear" for the first five minutes of his speech.
He sought to deflect criticism of Iran's nuclear program by pointing to the fact that countries like Israel wield nuclear arsenals but do not face sanctions from the U.N. Security Council.
Jalili also drew attention to the mysterious killings of two Iranian nuclear scientists in Iran last year, asking why the Security Council had not addressed the matter or widespread reports of foreign "cyber attacks" on Iran's nuclear program.
"We see an attack by terrorists against our scientists," Jalili said. "This is a fiasco on behalf of the Security Council. I think it has to be accountable to the international community for this."
Both sides concluded their remarks insisting that they are still open to further discussion of Iran's nuclear program.
Later, Jalili appeared on CNNI's "World Report," saying Iran is "ready for cooperation and talks."
However, he cautioned that "these talks should be within the context of respecting the nation's rights and putting aside ... hostile measures."
Tehran now appears to be facing a united front from the P5+1, which includes Russia and China, two countries that in the past defended Iran's right to nuclear technology.
During what appears to have at times been a contentious day of talks, Western officials said the Iranian delegation tested the unity of P5+1.
"She was very solid. She didn't fall into any of their traps," said a Western diplomat, speaking on condition of anonymity, about Ashton.
The diplomat claimed that Jalili "realized that the six are solid and that the six mean business."
Before the discussions even began in a 19th century Ottoman palace overlooking the waters of the Bospohorus Strait, Iran officials declared that they would not allow any discussion of suspending Iran's controversial uranium enrichment program.
And during a mid-day break on Friday that involved a trip across town to pray at Istanbul's famous Blue Mosque, a member of the Iranian delegation repeated this tough negotiating position.
"We will not allow any talks on the halt or suspension of uranium enrichment activities in Iran to be raised in the Istanbul talks," said Abolfazi Zohrehvand, a spokesman for Iran's Supreme National Security Council, according to Iran's Fars News Agency.
"There has been no word on enrichment at the talks at all and our country's nuclear rights have not been an issue on debate either," he added.
Another Western official says the P5+1 countries "summarily rejected" the Iranian delegations demands at the outset of the talks to establish "preconditions" which included accepting a full nuclear fuel cycle for Iran and the removal of sanctions.
Last year, the Security Council imposed a fourth round of sanctions on Iran as punishment for its "lack of compliance ... on ensuring the peaceful nature of its nuclear programme."
Iran insists its nuclear facilities are working to develop technology for civilian energy needs.
Analysts have wondered what Iran wants to accomplish with the talks.
"Iran wants to widen the nuclear discussions to disarmament and to the case of Israel, and does not appear to be willing to talk about the Iranian nuclear dossier which originally prompted the P5 plus 1 process," wrote Ollie Heinonen in an e-mail to CNN.
Until last August, Heinonen spent the last five years leading efforts at the U.N.'s International Atomic Energy Agency to contain Iran's nuclear program.
"I really hope that the discussions continue in near future since slowing down of the enrichment program has created a window of opportunity which should not be missed," he added.
But another group that has been studying Iran's nuclear program accused Tehran of playing for time as it continues enriching uranium.
"Protracted talks are clearly in Tehran's interest," Ivanka Barzashka of the Federation of American Scientists wrote in an e-mail to CNN. "As it steadily chugs forward with its enrichment program, it increases its potential to build a nuclear bomb."
The Iranian government has repeatedly denied accusations that it is trying to develop nuclear weapons technology.
As Tunisia's army quells chaos, will it hinder democracy?
- Khairi Abaza says dictator Ben Ali's fall brought chaos and uncertainty for Tunisians
- He says military helping keep order, but will it lead to "soft" dictatorship, not democracy?
- He says army seemed to side with the people in Ben Ali ouster; should it be seen as patriotic?
- Abaza: The West must stand with Tunisian people as they reach for democracy
Editor's note: Khairi Abaza is a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, a non-partisan policy institute that aims to promote democracy.
(CNN) -- The fear and chaos that follows the fall of the Tunisian dictator Zine El Abedine Ben Ali on January 14 raises uncertainty about the country's future. Already, it can be said that Tunisia will never be the same.
The best-case scenario is a move toward a liberal democracy. The worst case is a perpetual state of chaos, followed by another autocratic or even theocratic regime. Whatever the final result, it is clear that the Tunisian army will have a significant role in shaping the future of this North African state.
The Tunisian army, more than any other institution, is helping the country overcome its current state of chaos. When it finally succeeds (chaos cannot endure for too long before exhaustion sets in), an important question looms: What role will the army play in the shaping of the new political order?
Will it genuinely support a liberal democratic order? Or will it help establish a "softer" style autocratic rule -- what we might call "dictator light" -- that will ultimately renew the familiar cycle of Arab autocracy that is a façade of stability, propped up by the West as a counterweight to the threat of an Islamist regime?
An underreported story from Tunisia is that the military actually played a role in the unrest that began in December. Of course, the military did not provoke it (it was an organic uprising), but it adopted policies that contributed in small ways to the Jasmine Revolution's success.
For one, the army refused to use live bullets against the demonstrators. It was for this reason that Ben Ali fired his army chief, Gen. Rachid Ben Ammar, shortly before fleeing the capital, Tunis. Tunisians have acknowledged this patriotic decision; the army sided with the people.
Second, when militias presumably loyal to Ben Ali started to destabilize the country, the army mobilized to protect the population. Indeed, shortly after the appearance of the militias in the streets of Tunisia, the army created emergency hot lines for citizens to call for the army's help. While the military could not be everywhere at once, Tunisians say it was responsive in most instances.
Today, the army is keeping a modicum of order in Tunis and other parts of the country, despite lootings and scenes of chaos. The military also launched an assault on the presidential palace, where forces loyal to Ben Ali are seeking refuge. Thus, it appears the military seeks to bring an end to the Ben Ali era while restoring order to the capital. Indeed, Tunis sets the tone for the rest of the country.
In addition to the militias, the army is arresting some of the more unpopular figures from the Ben Ali regime, including the former head of security and some relatives of Ben Ali's wife, who are accused of corruption.
While the military has acted laudably on the streets of Tunisia in recent days, the West must ensure that the new regime that emerges in Tunis is one in which the military does not play a significant part.
The scene is reminiscent of the 1991 "palace coup" in Algeria. After significant Islamist electoral gains, the army played a role in bringing to power a respected exiled dissident, Mohamed Boudiaf, to lead the country and serve as a popular and respected façade for a military regime. Boudiaf was assassinated shortly after he took office, presumably for promising reform and an end of the military domination of politics.
Afterward, Algeria lapsed into authoritarianism. Two decades later, corruption, unemployment and political frustration are still rife. The regime lacks accountability and transparency.
In Tunisia today, the continued prominence of the military puts the country at risk of a "soft" palace coup that might rip the fruit of this revolution and gradually slide the country into a more "liberal" authoritarian rule.
To best support the Tunisian people and protect Western interests in a durable way, the West should stand firm with the Tunisian people and ensure that the country moves toward a liberal democracy.
Only a real democracy can ensure that the people of Tunisia will be satisfied with the results of their uprising, and only then can the West ensure that theocrats or autocrats do not wrest control of the country.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Khairi Abaza.
Nadal survives brief scare to end home hopes in Australia
- Spain's Rafael Nadal reaches the fourth round of the Australian Open in Melbourne
- World number one ends Australian hopes by defeating wild card Bernard Tomic
- Number four seed Robin Soderling and number five seed Andy Murray win in straight sets
- France's 13th seed and former finalist Jo Wilfred Tsonga loses to unseeded Ukrainian
(CNN) -- World number one Rafael Nadal overcame a spirited challenge from 18-year-old home favorite Bernard Tomic to reach the fourth round of the Australian Open Saturday.
The Spaniard, aiming to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four grand slam titles at once, remains on course to complete the so-called "Rafa Slam" in Melbourne following his straight sets victory over the wild card.
But the Aussie teenager proved why he is being hailed as a future champion by giving the nine-time grand slam winner Nadal his toughest test of the tournament so far.
Nadal broke serve twice to take the first set comfortably 6-2, but the world number 199 Tomic was not disheartened and quickly raced to a 4-0 lead in the second, thanks to some impressive shot-making to achieve a double break.
--Rafael Nadal
But the top seed Nadal showed why he is such a formidable opponent by clawing back the breaks, sealing the second set 7-5 and the third 6-3, ending Australia's hope for a homegrown champion in 2011.
After the match Nadal was full of praise for the young Aussie and said that he could be a potential challenger for his place at the top of the game in the future.
"I congratulate him, I think he's improving every year a lot, he's very young, and if he keep improving like this, he's going to have big chances to be in the top very soon," Nadal told the official Australian open website.
"I started the match playing well, but he's this kind of player he makes you play bad no, it's very difficult to move him from the baseline.
"Every time it's going to be more and more difficult, I'm sure of that, I'm sure he is going to be a big rival."
Earlier, Robin Soderling of Sweden and Great Britain's Andy Murray secured comfortable third round victories.
Seeded fourth and fifth, the pair are on course for a quarterfinal clash and both have reached the last 16 without dropping a set.
Soderling eased past Jan Hernych 6-3 6-1 6-4 and will next play Alexandr Dolgopolov who caused an upset by knocking out France's 13th seed Jo-Wilfred Tsonga.
The unseeded Ukrainian came from a set down to beat the 2008 finalist in five, 3-6 6-3 3-6 6-1 6-1
Last year's beaten finalist Murray defeated Guillermo Garcia-Lopez of Spain 6-1 6-1 6-2 to earn a clash with Jurgen Melzer of Austria in the next round.
The 11th seed progressed to the fourth round when 21st-ranked Marcus Baghdatis of Cyprus was forced to retire injured when trailing Melzer by two sets to one.
Seventh seed David Ferrer of Spain was a comfortable victor over Lithuania's Richard Berankis, winning 6-2 6-2 6-1.
Croatia's 15th seed Marin Cilic beat America's 20th seed John Isner 4-6 6-2 6-7 7-6 9-7 to book his place in last 16.
But tenth seed Mikhail Youznhy was a surprising third round casualty, after the Russian lost to the talented 20-year-old Canadian Milos Raonic 4-6 5-7 6-4 4-6.
Women soccer fans in Iran may be banned from live broadcasts
- Women not allowed to attend men's soccer matches
- Now they apparently won't be able to watch them at theaters
- Officials, clerics say their presence is not compatible with Islam
(CNN) -- Iranian authorities have ordered a ban on women from watching live broadcasts of soccer matches at public movie theaters, the semi-official ILNA news agency reported.
A state police agency that monitors Iranian businesses called for the ban because "the presence of women and families at movie theaters increases security risks and inappropriate behavior," ILNA reported.
Movie theaters in Iran's major cities have broadcast matches from this year's Asian Cup, where Iran's national soccer team has advanced to the quarterfinals after winning its first three matches.
The final decision on the ban rests with a government office, according to an official with Iran's movie theater industry.
"Movie theaters operate under the authority of the Ministry of Culture and Guidance, so we're waiting for their decision in this matter," Amir Hossein Alamalhoda was quoted as saying.
Women already are banned from attending men's soccer matches at stadiums.
Hard-line government officials and clerics say the presence of women at men's sporting events is not compatible with Islam.
Journalist Farbod Jamali contributed to this report.
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